World heritage day 2022
As at July 2021, there are 1,153 UNESCO World Heritage Sites dotted across the globe and something we often research when planning upcoming trips is which countries have the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the world! World Heritage Day India UNESCO.
World Heritage Day Date
April 18 International Day For Monuments and Sites 2022
Criteria for UNESCO World Heritage Sites
1. Human creative genius.
2. Interchange of values.
3. Testimony to cultural tradition.
4. Significance in human history.
5. Traditional human settlement.
6. Heritage is associated with events of universal significance.
7. Natural phenomena or beauty.
8. Major stages of Earth’s history.
9. Significant ecological and biological processes.
10. The significant natural habitat for biodiversity.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India
1. Ajanta Caves
- The Ajanta Caves are a group of 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments located in Maharashtra, dating back to the 2nd century BCE. The caves are famous for their elaborate paintings and sculptures, which depict scenes from the life of the Buddha and other important figures in Buddhist mythology.
2. Ellora Caves
- The Ellora Caves are a group of 34 rock-cut temples and monasteries located in Maharashtra, dating back to the 6th and 10th centuries. The temples represent a fusion of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain art and architecture.
3. Agra Fort
- Agra Fort is a historical fort in Agra, built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century. It served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors until the capital was shifted to Delhi.
4. Taj Mahal
-
Taj Mahal: The Taj Mahal is an iconic white marble mausoleum located in Agra, built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is considered to be one of the greatest examples of Mughal architecture and is recognized as a symbol of love and beauty
5. Sun Temple
- This temple is famous for the traditional style of Kalinga Architecture.
6. Mahabalipuram Monuments
- This monument is famous for the Mahabalipuram Largest. Open Air Rock Relief, Mandapas, Chariot Temples, It is a Pallava Dynasty Architecture.
7. Kaziranga National Park
- Famous for Worlds 2/3rd population of Great One-Horned Rhinoceroses. It has the highest density of Tigers in the World, Wild Water Buffalo, Elephants, Swamp Deer, and the park is also recognized as the Important Bird Area.
8. Keoladeo National Park
- This National Park is popular for Man-Made Wetland Bird Sanctuary, Hotspot for Ornithologists, and Siberian Cranes.
9. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
- This sanctuary is famous for Project Tiger Reserve, Biosphere Reserve and Elephant Reserve
10. Churches and Convents of Goa
- It is famous for Rome of the Orient, First Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque Art Forms in Asia, First Latin Rite Mass in Asia.
11. Monuments of Khajuraho
- This monument is popular for a group of Jain and Hindu Temples. It is situated 175 km southeast of Jhansi. Well known for their Nagara style symbolism and erotic Figures and sculptures.
12. Monuments of Hampi
- Prosperous kingdom of Vijayanagar. The ruins at Hampi depict the fine Dravidian style of art and architecture. The most important heritage monument in this site is the Virupaksha Temple.
13. Fatehpur Sikri
- Fatehpur Sikri is a historical city located in Uttar Pradesh, built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century. The city was abandoned shortly after its completion, and is now recognized as a well-preserved example of Mughal architecture and planning.
14. Elephanta Caves
- It is popular for Buddhist and Hindu caves. It is situated on Island in the Arabian Sea. And has Basal Rock Caves, and Shiva Temples.
15. Great Living Chola Temples
- This temple is popular for Chola Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Bronze Casting.
16. Pattadakal Monuments
- It is popular for its Chalukya style of architecture that originated in Aihole and blended with the Nagara and Dravidian styles of architecture.
17. Sundarbans National Park
- This National Park is popular as Biosphere Reserve, Largest Estuarine Mangrove Forest, Bengal Tiger, and Salt-Water Crocodile.
18. Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers National Park
- It is famous for Snow Leopard, Asiatic Black Bear, Brown Bear, Blue Sheep, and Himalayan Monal, World Network of Biosphere
19. Monuments of Buddha
- It is popular for Monolithic Pillars, Palaces, Monasteries, Temples Mauryan Architecture, Ye Dharma Hetu Inscriptions.
20. Humayun’s Tomb
- Humayun’s Tomb is a tomb complex located in Delhi, built in the mid-16th century for the Mughal Emperor Humayun. It is considered to be the first garden-tomb in the Indian subcontinent and served as a template for later Mughal architecture, including the Taj Mahal.
21. Qutub Minar and its Monuments
- Includes Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza, Alai Minar, Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltumish, and Iron Pillar.
22. Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri
- The mountain railways of India comprise of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka-Shimla.
23. Mahabodhi Temple
- An important religious center for the Buddhists as this was the place where Mahatma Buddha attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya is considered as the holiest pilgrimage spot for the Buddhists.
24. Bhimbetka
- It is famous for Rock Paintings within Natural Rock Shelters, Stone Age Inscriptions, Sitting Place of Bhima (Mahabharata).
25. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
- It is popular for central Railways Headquarters, Terror Attacks on Mumbai in 2008, Gothic Style Architecture.
26. ChampanerPavagadhArchaeological Park
- This place is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city. The park also houses some of the ancient Chalcolithic Indian Sites, from the Stone Age era. World Heritage Day India UNESCO
27. Red Fort
- It is popular for Shahjahanabad, Persian, Timuri and Indian Architectural Styles, Red Sandstone Architecture, Moti Masjid.
28. Jantar Mantar
- Famous for Architectural Astronomical Instruments, Maharaja Jai Singh II, Largest of its kind Observatory.
29. The Western Ghats
- Famous for Among World’s Ten “Hottest Biodiversity Hotspots”. Includes many National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Reserve Forests.
30. Hill Forts
- This place is famous for its unique Rajput Military Defense Architecture. It includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort, and Jaisalmer Fort.
31. Rani Ki Vav
- It is an explicit example of fine Ancient Indian architecture which is constructed during the time of the Solanki dynasty.
32. Great Himalayan National Park
- It is home to about 375 fauna species and several floral species, including some very rare species of plants and animals such as blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan Tahr, musk deer spruces, horse chestnuts, and huge alpine meadows.
It is a part of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspots. World Heritage Day India UNESCO
33. Nalanda
- A centre of learning and a Buddhist monastery from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE.
34. Khangchendzonga National Park
- The national park is famous for its fauna and flora, with snow leopard being occasionally sighted.
35. Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex)
- Recognized as a World Heritage Site as part of an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement.
36. The Historic City
- A walled city on the banks of Sabarmati where communities following Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism have co-existed for centuries.
37. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles
- It is a collection of 94 buildings of great cultural importance, located in the Fort Area of Mumbai.
38. The Pink City
- Jaipur is home to many magnificent forts, palaces, temples, and museums and also filled to the brim with local handicrafts and trinkets.
39. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple
- The Ramappa Temple is situated in Palampet Village, Telangana. The temple is estimated to be at least 800 to 900 years old. The temple is especially known for lightweight porous bricks which are known as floating bricks
40. Dholavira
- Dholavira is an architectural site situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat. It is one of the most prominent Indus Valley Civilisation sites.
world heritage day 18 April African world heritage day
April 18 It is same for the whole worlds whether it is Africa, Asia, or Europe.
Top five Indian World Heritage sites
1. Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves are Hindu & Buddhist caves built in two phases. The first was from the reign of Emperor Ashoka. Second, further additions were made during the 5th and 6th centuries AD of the Gupta period. The caves depict richly decorated fresco paintings, reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings and sculptures in Sri Lanka. There are 31 rock-cut cave monuments that are unique representations of the religious art of Hinduism and Buddhism. World Heritage Day India UNESCO
2. Ellora Caves
The Ellora Caves, also known as the Ellora Complex, are a cultural mix of religious arts of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. 34 monasteries and temples sculpted continuously into rock walls of a high basalt cliff are seen along a length of 2 kilometers (1.2 mi). Dated from 600 to 1000 AD, they are a reflection of the artistic creation of the ancient civilization of India.[12
3. Agra Fort
The Agra Fort, also known as the Red Fort of Agra, represents Mughal opulence and power as the centerpiece of their empire. It was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982, under Category iii as a cultural monument. The fortress is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River, with built-in red sandstone, covering a length of 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi). It is surrounded by a moat that encloses several palaces, towers, and mosques. They were built from the 16th century onward until the early 18th century. This corresponds to Emperor Akbar‘s reign in the 16th century to that of Aurangzeb in the early part of the 18th century, including the contributions made during the reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan of the Moghul Rule in India. The impressive structures built within the precincts of the fort are the Khas Mahal, the Shish Mahal, Muhamman Burje (an octagonal tower), Diwan-i-Khas (1637), Diwan-i-Am, a white marble mosque or the Pearl Mosque (built during 1646–1653) and the Nagina Masjid (1658–1707). These monuments are remarkable for the fusion of Persian art with the Timurid and Indian art forms. It is near the famous Taj Mahal, with a buffer zone separating the two monuments.
4. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is a mausoleum — a funerary mosque. It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his third wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal who had died in 1631. It is a large edifice made in white marble in typical Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. This much-acclaimed masterpiece was built over a 16-year period between 1631 and 1648 under the Chief Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri supported by several thousand artisans under the guidance of an Imperial Committee. World Heritage Day India UNESCO. It was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1983, under Category i, as a cultural property/monument. It is set amidst the vast Mughal Gardens, which cover 17 hectares (42 acres) of land on the right bank of the Yamuna River. It has an octagonal layout marked by four exclusive minarets at four corners with a pristine elevation of a central bulbous dome below which the tombs are laid in an underground chamber. Calligraphic inscriptions in-crusted in polychromatic pierra dura, decorative bands, and floral arabesques glorify the monument’s graphic beauty and provide a picture-perfect impression to the viewers.
The Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Sun Temple (also known as the “Black Pagoda”), at Konark, in Odisha. Located on the east coast of the Bay of Bengal in the Mahanadi Delta, it is built in the form of the chariot of Surya (Arka), the sun god with 24 wheels, and is heavily decorated with symbolic stone carvings and led by a team of seven horses. It was constructed from oxidizing weathered ferruginous-colored sandstone by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. The temple is one of the most renowned temples in India and is a World Heritage Site inscribed in 1984 as cultural property under categories (i), (iii), and (vi).
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